Monday, November 29, 2010

The school of tomorrow


Every year Ashish Rajpal teaches science for fourth or fifth standard students at a school in Delhi. Not exactly business as usual for an MBA and the managing director of a company. But then teaching is Rajpal's business at iDiscoveri and it was a similar stint of teaching fourth graders that laid the foundations of his popular XSEED programme a few years ago.

“I came back after doing my M.Ed. at Harvard University eight years ago, with this crazy mission to change education in India,” says Rajpal, an MBA from XLRI. “Given that we have six million poorly trained teachers in India, I dove right into teacher training, but found that in itself did not change classroom practice or help the children.”

That's when Rajpal himself started teaching science at a Delhi school. “And I found it's incredibly tough to teach 45 children in a crowded classroom!” he says. “I realised that all this theoretical nonsense we'd been feeding the teachers meant nothing in a real-world situation. We needed something that worked in the classroom.”
The result was that iDiscoveri began to create minute-by-minute plans for the teacher to follow in class, including group work, experiments and other forms of experiential learning. And so XSEED was born. “Today we've created over 8,000 lesson plans across all subjects for nursery to seventh standard, and XSEED reaches 450 schools across the country,” says Rajpal. “We're hoping that number will reach 1,000 by next summer.”

About a hundred of those schools are right here in Tamil Nadu, which is one of XSEED's flagship states. “Although we started in 2002 in Delhi, we found that the South was far more receptive to our ideas,” he says. “So we decided to focus on Southern states, and picked Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.”
Rajpal describes the programme of getting into the schools, and doing not just lesson plans, but also teacher training and quarterly assessments of students as a “sort of stock market report. But then that's Rajpal for you — a mixture of starry-eyed idealism and businesslike pragmatism.

“I am an idealist at heart — I'd have to have been, to give up my well-paying corporate job in Paris, uproot my family and go do my M.Ed. at the age of 31,” he says. “But my corporate experience for 10 years has also shaped me. Ideas aren't enough — you have to make it work.”
He recalls how he applied in secret to Harvard, inspired by the birth of his children. And once there, he was “like a greedy hog”, making the most of the opportunities before him. “Intellectually, those were the best years of my life — I was getting to hang out with legends such as Howard Gardner and David Perkins,' he says.To ensure these ideals aren't lost, iDiscoveri launched The School of Tomorrow conference here in Chennai last year, with the second, bigger edition around the corner (see box). Then there's the leadership programme for young adults Rajpal's working on, along with supplementary programmes to meet different needs of students and a national network of XSEED centres. And, he's considering diversifying to teaching English as well. It's all in a day's work for this educational entrepreneur.

Sony launches world's first tilting TV


Electronics giant Sony has launched what is being billed as the world''s first television with a screen which can be tilted backwards, which the company says is optimum for comfortable viewing.

Apparently, a slight backwards lean of six degrees is now the best position for a TV set as many of us mount modern flat-screens on furniture a foot or two above the ground.

The new range can be slotted into the tilting position to achieve what its makers say is the optimum picture, as we slump down on our plush, comfortable sofas.


It comes as design experts say we are increasingly choosing glossy, shiny TV screens which complement our homes' style even when they are switched off, reports the Daily Mail.

The 'Monolithic' TV screens, priced at 1,300 pounds for a 40-inch screen, are available in state-of-the art 3D models, and can either be set up vertically or slotted to a six-degree backwards lean.

"Most people don't put their televisions at waist height any more, they set them up a foot or two off the ground, said Tim Page, Sony Europe's senior manager of technology marketing.

Sharp to launch 3D phones in India, China and U.S. in 2011


The world is taken over by 3D and its touching our lives through movies, TVs and now mobile phones. While 3D renders more life to everything its in, the glasses required to view a 3D image not only affects the fashion conscious, it also affects your comfort level. Now there is a solution to wearing the 3D glass woes as well.

Sharp, the Japanese electronic product manufacturer is launching a mobile phone with a 3D display screen. The catch here is that you won't require glasses to view the mobile screen. Sharp had released two such phones in the Japanese market in the recent past. And as per reports, Sharp will bring the handsets to India, U.S. and China markets in 2011.


The device runs on Android operating system (Froyo) with the screen used is the same as that used in Nintendo 3DS, displaying 3D content sans glasses. With a display screen size of 3.8 inch, the phones are powered by 1GHz Snapdragon processor. Sharp has named the models the Galapagos 003SH and 005SH. While the former has a 9.6MP camera, the latter has a QWERTY keyboard and an 8MP camera.

Motorola making available free Indian maps for Android- powered handsets


The owners of handsets like Milestone, Milestone XT720 and the Backflip can access any Indian map for acquiring information about cities, towns and villages spread across the country entirely because they function on Google’s mobile operating system. The Android powered Motorola handsets have been designed as the perfect travel companion.

Not just the cities, towns and villages but this feature also offers voice- guided street-level navigable MapmyIndia maps for users who require information about numerous lanes and major national and state highways of the country.


“We believe in offering the latest to our consumers in India. The new maps are more detailed and include information such as business districts, offices and market locations. Navigate on Motorola’s Android-powered handsets across 620 cities in India for a truly enjoyable experience,” remarked Faisal Siddiqui, Country Head, Motorola Mobility India.

The most attractive part of these Android powered handsets is that they can provide this navigation service without installation or data charges. The users just need to open Motorola’s MotoNav application for launching the maps on their systems. Any mobile network can be used and there is no requirement of a SIM card.

Notion Ink's, Adam tablet shows off its app on its blog


We've been waiting for the Notion Ink logo to debut, but it seems like it's run into a little problem. Apparently, some other company's registration page bears a very similar logo, and where the creator of the winning Notion Ink logo could not have seen this, the similarities are enough to give it a second thought.

Other details have been revealed about some of the Android-powered applications that will ship with the Adam, including GPS navigation software, email application, and file manager.

Little was said about the GPS navigation software. We know it will differ from the GPS navigation features baked into Android, but we're told little else. What we do know is that the GPS software has recently entered beta status and already speaks in 43 languages. Pretty impressive for beta, no? We can expect to see more languages added later on, hopefully.

The email application, Mail'd, will come with many features you're already used to seeing, and more. Some of these features include missing attachments, offline mode, and unsend an email. It's said that even more features will hit Mail'd come January, and you can expect to see things like how big an attachment within an email can be, email expiration times, and fixing the time of delivery of an email while in offline mode.

Another highlighted application is Sniffer, which is said to be an, "extremely fast and handy File Browser". This isn't the final version of the application, but the preview definitely showcases the panel feature that the Adam will boast, and it's looking pretty good.

The blog also gives some details concerning the Adam's screen, and some of the issues they've come across with the particular matte finish of the screen. These matte screens show degradation and displacement of green pixels, and the Notion Ink team have put forth major efforts to overcome this issue. We're told that we won't be disappointed. We hope not, especially since we've been waiting for some time now.

Thursday, November 25, 2010

India to develop electronic warfare system soon


India is developing its own radar-based electronic warfare system (EWS) with two test ranges in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh to equip its armed forces for modern wars, a senior defence official said Wednesday.
"An indigenously developed radar-based EWS will be ready by 2013, with test ranges at Chitradurga in Karnataka and at Tandur near Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh," state-run Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) chief controller Prahlada said here.Cost of each test range is estimated to be about 200 crore.
Noting that modern day wars cannot be fought and won without EWS, Prahlada said the radar-based sophisticated communication system would use electromagnetic spectrum for attack, protection and warfare support to destroy the combat capabilities of an enemy.
"The prowess of electronic warfare system was amply demonstrated by the U.S. armed forces in Iraq and Afghanistan. A prototype EWS has been integrated with MiG-27 fighter for test flights," Prahlada said at the first India National Electronic Warfare workshop, organised by the India chapter of Association of Old Crows (AOC), based at Virginia in the U.S.The Chitradurga aeronautical test range, which will come up by 2012 at the DRDO's 4,000-acre campus in the state, about 200 km from Bangalore, will be used for communication-based EWS and the Tandur range will be used for non-communication EWS.
"The testing centres will be operational by 2012. As per the plan, EWS will be integrated with MiG-29, Jaguar, Sukhoi-MKI-30 of the Indian Air Force (IAF) and the indigenous Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas by 2011," Prahlada told about 300 delegates.
"Our goal is to develop the fourth-generation EWS by 2012 because without electronic warfare, you cannot win a war. Once you have it (EW capability), you have to test it, you can't wait for a war to test it," Prahlada added.The fourth-generation EWS is being developed by the state-run Defence Avionics Research Establishment (DARE) and Defence Electronics Research Laboratory (DERL).Once the air version of EWS is integrated and operational, the naval and army versions will be developed simultaneously.Currently, EW systems are being tested in the IAF range at Gwalior in central India.Stressing on greater self-reliance in production and procurement, the defence scientist said the country's defence research and development (R&D) establishments have been able meet about 50 percent of defence requirements indigenously and the target was to scale it up to 70 percent by 2020.

Army test-fires Agni-I as part of user trial


India on Thursday test-fired its Agni-I strategic ballistic missile, with a range of 700 km, as part of the Army’s user trial from the Integrated Test Range at Wheeler Island off Orissa coast.The indigenously developed surface-to-surface single-stage missile, powered by solid propellants, was test-fired from a rail mobile launcher at 10.10 a.m. from launch pad-4 of the ITR, 100 km off the Orissa coast, defence sources said.User of the missile — the Strategic Force Command (SFC) of the Indian Army — as part of their training exercise, executed the entire launch operation with the logistic support provided by the Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO) at the ITR, said a DRDO official.The missile has a highly specialised navigation system which ensures it reaches the target with a high degree of accuracy, he said.
The entire trajectory of the missile, which has an operational striking range of 700 km, was tracked by sophisticated radars and electro-optic telemetry stations located along the sea coast and two ships positioned near the impact point in the downrange area.Weighing 12 tonnes, the 15-metre-long Agni-1, which can carry payloads up to 1000 kg, has already been inducted into the Indian Army.Agni-1 was developed by the Advanced Systems Laboratory (ASL), the premier missile development laboratory of the DRDO in collaboration with the Defence Research Development Laboratory (DRDL) and Research Centre Imarat (RCI) and integrated by Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL), Hyderabad.The last trial of Agni-1 missile was successfully carried out on March 28, 2010 from the Wheeler Island.Since the missile has already been inducted into the Army, it is important to conduct user trials for training of defence personnel and improvement of their skills, sources said.

Simultaneous signals from 2 pulsars heralds new era in radio astronomy


The mobile number portability (MNP) is finally launched in India today. Rohtak in Haryana is the place where the entire buzz is. Rohtak is witnessing a telecom revolution today. MNP is the procedure that allows consumers to switch from their existing operators to another while retaining the same number.

With Idea Cellular's TVCs on air for few days now, other operators are also coming up with their own promotions of MNP through various media. On the occasion of the MNP launch in India, we share with you the process and other facts of MNP.First the procedure. To change your operator all you need to do is send a SMS to 1900 with the message (PORTMobile number) from the number you want to be ported. On sending the message you will receive a SMS from your current operator giving you the Unique Porting Code (UPC). The UPC acts a reference when you fill an application prescribed by your chosen new network provider. The porting of number has to be completed in a span of seven working days, as per TRAI directives. The charge for porting your number to another operator is 19, payable to the new service provider. Post-paid subscribers need to ensure their billing dues are cleared before applying for number porting. Failing this, the request to the new porter will be rejected. For pre-paid users, the balance amount left does not get carried forward to the new operator after porting. So both kinds of subscribers start from a clean slate with the new operator.A point to note here is once you have switched your operators, you need to wait for a period of 90 days before you can change the operator again.

Let us give you a brief idea about how the MNP works. When a subscriber makes a request to port his number to a new operator, the porting can be done in two ways. One is called the donor-led porting and the other is recipient-led porting. In India the latter method is in usage.

In the recipient-led porting, the new operator (recipient) takes the appropriate steps to register the user to its network. The process is completed once the mobile number of the user and the chosen operator's network ID are paired and updated in the central database. The country is divided onto two geographical sectors for ease of implementing the MNP. These two zones are then divided into 11 service areas.

The master database will be managed by a third party firm. For zone I, Syniverse has been appointed with the MNP and related issues while for zone II, it is Telcordia. With this set of information, we hope the MNP will be a good thing for the nation that is heralding its gears to the new technologies and embracing them with open arms.

Microsoft unveils controller-free gaming device for Xbox 360

Microsoft on Wednesday launched the new ‘Kinect' interface for its Xbox 360 gaming device that allows users to play games with their body movements instead of a conventional joystick.

‘Kinect' senses users' movements and lets them play games without using a joystick with the help of an embedded RGB camera, depth sensor and microphone.

“Kinect has not only revolutionised gaming, but has the potential to introduce applications spanning areas like health and education. This is the next era in the evolution of human interface with computers and beginning the move from graphical user interface to natural user interface,” Microsoft India Regional Director (Entertainment and Devices Division) Jaspreet Bindra told reporters here.

Xbox 360 4GB consoles with a Kinect sensor and a free 'Kinect Adventures' game will be available in stores for Rs 22,990, he added.For people who already have an Xbox 360 console, the standalone Kinect sensor and ‘Kinect Adventures' game would be available at a price of Rs.9,990.Microsoft has sold about 45 million Xbox 360 consoles globally.

There are 11 Kinect games available for the Xbox 360, in the genres of sports, adventure, fitness and dance.

How sharks change directions while moving at full speed


A new study has suggested that one of the evolutionary secrets of the shark’s success hides in one of its tiniest traits-flexible scales on the bodies of these peerless predators.
The study by University of South Florida has suggested that these scales make them better hunters by allowing them to change directions while moving at full speed.
The key to this ability lies in the fact that the scales control water flow separation across the creatures’ bodies, said Amy Lang of the University of Alabama.
separation is an issue in systems like aircraft design, explained Lang, because it tends to cause vortices that impede speed and stability. “In nature, if you look at surfaces of animals, you’ll see that they are not smooth.” she said.
“They have patterns. Why? One common application of patterning a surface is to control flow-think of the dimples of a golf ball that help the ball fly farther. We believe scales on fast-swimming sharks serve a similar purpose of flow separation control,” she added.
Based on experimental measurements and models of shark scales, Lang’s team discovered that the bases of shortfin mako scales (literally small teeth covering their body) where they attach to the skin are not as wide as the tops of the scales.
This tapered shape enables the scales to be easily manipulated to angles of 60 degrees or more, endowing them with movement called “denticle bristling”. Also, these flexible scales are only found on parts of the body where flow separation is most likely to occur, such as behind the gills on the side of the body. The findings were presented at the American Physical Society’s Division of Fluid Dynamics (DFD) annual meeting in Long Beach.n.

iBall launches mobile handsets for elders


Computer peripherals brand iBall on Wednesday launched a range of mobile phone handsets in Rajasthan that include features like SOS button for senior citizens and waterproof handsets.

“Based on in-depth research, we have introduced features like SOS button for senior citizen, waterproof handsets and slimmest ‘qwert’ phone. Within 7 seconds of pressing SOS button, the handsets sends a siren to alert the surrounding people that the person is in trouble and should be immediately attended to,” said Shalesh Agrawal, CEO, Rajasthan Best IT World Pvt. Ltd..

“It also sends SMS to pre-defined 5 numbers and start dialling those numbers automatically one after another till one call is attended,” he said, adding that the handsets were priced between Rs.1,250- Rs.6,000.

“Each of our handsets under the segments-Shaan, Waterproof, Sleec, Flip, Posh, Touch and Senior- have unique characteristics. The handsets are unique in blending technology with design, aesthetics and innovation,” Mr. Agrawal said.He added that the company was planning to open service centres and increase their dealers network in the State.

Friday, November 19, 2010

HP launches interactive device at 19,999


Bangalore: Computer maker HP India today launched its new interactive digital device 'DreamScreen', priced at 19,999.The touch-based device will offer content through the Internet like education, video chat, e-mail, movies and news.

"The device is designed to offer features and content to each member of the family. Users can browse internet, get the latest news and play games, providing a PC-like experience," HP India vice president and general manager (Personal Systems Group) Sunil Dutt told reporters here.The company has partnered with Airtel and Tata Teleservices for providing Internet connectivity, along with other companies like Apalya, Edurite, India Games, India Today, NDTV and Yatra for various content.Asked if the product was a competitor for Apple's iPad, Dutt said, "While the iPad is a more personal device, DreamScreen is more oriented towards a shared environment and designed for use by families."

The product's concept, software and user interface was developed in India, he added.The product will be available in the market from November 25 through 700 outlets across 60 cities

Facebook messaging may soon doom you


Bangalore: Computer security firm Sophos warned the Facebook users on their usage of online messaging services. It is being found that such uses of the social networking site are now more vulnerable to identity theft by cybercriminals.

A serious vulnerability in Facebook's security allows anybody who has your mobile phone number to not only change status messages, but also add or delete friends, send out private messages to other users and upload or change profile pictures. However, the security flaw only affects those who have activated Facebook Mobile, a facility that allows the user to send updates on the social networking site through text messages from a mobile phone."Users need to realize that these new features increase the attack surface on the Facebook platform, and make personal accounts all the more alluring for cybercriminals to break into," said Sophos senior technology consultant Graham Cluley.

Facebook's new messaging system was launched on Monday and includes facebook.com email addresses. Approximately 350 million of Facebook's more than 500 million members fire off messages using its existing service, with more than four billion digital missives sent daily.

Sophos noted that fraudsters are increasingly using hacked Facebook accounts to send spam messages compared with traditional emails because they are more likely to be opened by recipients lured to think the messages came from friends. Sophos also urged the users to be aware of the security risks before signing up for Facebook's next-generation online messaging service that blends online chat, text messages and other real-time conversation tools with traditional email.

Now you can log in to MySpace via Facebook


Silicon Valley: After passing almost a year filled with rumours, MySpace has accepted that it has lost it in the social networking race and its useless in trying to catch up. Thus, in order to save the website, MySpace along with Facebook announced in a press conference about the enabling of a Facebook button on the MySpace homepage. 'Mashup', as it's called, with Facebook feature enables personalization and sharing features on the website.This move made by MySpace is quite significant as it has finally acknowledged Facebook to be the ruling king of the social networking sites and because of the new feature, there are chances that Facebook can bring back the social networking frenzy people in a fair amount to MySpace. Facebook is very much capable of creating a huge new audience and has the potential to boost MySpace's number significantly with its new feeds being the extreme source of news and entertainment.

"We are thrilled to further our collaboration with Facebook through Mashup with Facebook," Mike Jones, CEO of MySpace, said in a statement. "This new feature is a great illustration of our strategy around social entertainment and enabling the real-time stream. The stream is one of our most popular features on MySpace, and it is now delivering an even richer entertainment experience of relevant content for our users to enjoy. "I'm particularly excited because so many people will be able to have the immediate satisfaction of enjoying their own entertainment program that they have customized themselves as well as connecting to all their passions and to the MySpace community at large."

Same as Facebook, MySpace has plans to bring out 'Like' buttons for the content like music and videos which will be shared back to facebook. MySpace is currently playing safe; they just need to continue the same way by getting their content strategy correct.

LG launches latest smartphone


LG on Thursday launched its latest smartphone ‘Optimus One' and announced plans to increase its mobile phone production capacity from 60-lakh units a year to 1.50-crore by the end of 2011.Powered by the Android operating system, the new handset is priced at Rs.13,500 and comes with 8.1-cm display, 3MP camera and expandable memory up to 32GB.

“Over the next six months, we will launch ten more devices in the Optimus series, priced between Rs.8,000 and Rs.30,000,” LG Electronics India Managing Director Moon B. Shin told journalists here.

“Smartphones are poised to drive growth in the India mobile market in the coming years and LG's focus on innovation based on thorough consumer research places us squarely at the forefront of that evolution.Next year will be acceleration phase for LG mobiles, and investments are aligned towards taking at least 15 per cent of market share in the smartphone segment,” he said. Stating that the company had identified mobile phones as a strategic growth engine category, Mr. Shin said: “Keeping this in mind we will increase the production capacity from 60-lakh units to 1.50-crore units by next year at the Pune plant.

We also have an ambitious target of 80 per cent revenue growth in mobile business by 2011. Our revenues from the mobile business will touch around Rs.2,500 crore by next year.” “Our focus is to simplify smartphones for consumers and give them experience on how applications can improve life.

Simultaneously, we are looking at expanding the retail presence by 25,000 outlets and 500 LG exclusive LG mobile gallery.Next year we plan to launch 55 new models, out of which 40 per cent will be smartphones and our marketing investments would be aligned accordingly,” said company Business Group Head (Mobile Communications) Vishal Chopra.

Top 5 Security Suites for your PC


Bangalore: Thanks to the various malicious software and phishing scams, today no one can stay online without having the threat of stealing of personal details, hijacking of browser, malware attacks and many other security issues. A mere antivirus program is not just well enough to stop malicious software like malwares from infiltrating your computer. We need multi-functional security suites that target not only viruses, but all types of attacks. A number of security firms are offering much improved multi-functional security suites these days. Below are the top five security suites that are capable of securing your PC from multiple security threats.Symantec Norton Internet Security 2011

Symantec Norton Internet Security 2011 meliorates its already-excellent protection. The edition is very easy to install and use. Most of the tasks run in idle time. It is loaded with additional virus cleanup tool and an intelligent firewall. It also offers many Web-based products and services like online backup and parental controls. There is a new interactive panel in its main window makes Norton Internet Security 2011 a manager for these online services.

Symantec Norton Internet Security 2011 extends the "Download Insight" feature introduced by the earlier edition. In the latest edition Norton also has introduced a free stand-alone application, Norton Power Eraser that discovers and kills hard-to-find scareware that cannot be detected by traditional antivirus software.

Symantec Norton Internet Security 2011 runs on Windows 7/XP/Vista (32-bit and 64-bit) and supports browsers like Internet Explorer 6.0 or higher (32-bit only), Firefox 3.0 and later. It requires minimum 256 MB RAM and minimum 300 MB free hard disk space. It is available at 1,200.

Kaspersky Internet Security 2010

With a well-designed interface, Kaspersky Internet Security 2010 finishes second in the list for strong malware detection and efficient performance. Kaspersky is good in detecting active malware infections on a PC. It is a top performer in rootkit detection, finding and removing all inactive and active rootkits. In detection and disinfection of malware through behavioral scanning, Kaspersky Internet Security 2010 is very effective.Kaspersky Internet Security's impact on system performance is minimal. A PC with Kaspersky's suite installed booted in 43.4 seconds on average, beating the average starting time by 3.5 seconds. The same PC running the McAfee or Norton suites, by comparison, took about 50 seconds to start up.

Kaspersky Internet Security 2010 runs on Windows 7/XP/Vista (32-bit and 64-bit) and supports browsers like Internet Explorer 6.0 or higher (32-bit only) for downloading updates. It requires minimum 256 MB RAM and minimum 375 MB free hard disk space. It is available at 890.

McAfee Total Protection 2010

With excellent malware protection, McAfee Total Protection 2010 provides effective and real-time anti-phishing protection. The anti-spam is also great. This security suite has a very user friendly interface and it is an efficient solution which won't slow your system down. The firewall includes a useful feature called Attack Detection, which is used to detect popular exploits and attacks on the Web.It also features malware protection that works to remove malware and spyware that could potentially give out sensitive information to thieves. McAfee Total Protection 2010 installs a browser toolbar called SiteAdvisor Plus, which helps users avoid malicious Web sites.

McAfee Total Protection 2010 runs on Windows 7/XP/Vista (32-bit and 64-bit) and supports browsers like Internet Explorer 6.0 or higher (32-bit only), Firefox 3.0 and later. It requires minimum 512 MB RAM and minimum 200 MB free hard disk space. It is available at 1,220.

Wednesday, July 14, 2010

Origin of Key Cosmic Explosions Still a Mystery


When a star explodes as a supernova, it shines so brightly that it can be seen from millions of light-years away. One particular supernova variety -- Type Ia -- brightens and dims so predictably that astronomers use them to measure the universe's expansion. The resulting discovery of dark energy and the accelerating universe rewrote our understanding of the cosmos. Yet the origin of these supernovae, which have proved so useful, remains unknown.
"The question of what causes a Type Ia supernova is one of the great unsolved mysteries in astronomy," says Rosanne Di Stefano of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA).

Astronomers have very strong evidence that Type Ia supernovae come from exploding stellar remnants called white dwarfs. To detonate, the white dwarf must gain mass until it reaches a tipping point and can no longer support itself.

There are two leading scenarios for the intermediate step from stable white dwarf to supernova, both of which require a companion star. In the first possibility, a white dwarf swallows gas blowing from a neighboring giant star. In the second possibility, two white dwarfs collide and merge. To establish which option is correct (or at least more common), astronomers look for evidence of these binary systems.

Given the average rate of supernovae, scientists can estimate how many pre-supernova white dwarfs should exist in a galaxy. But the search for these progenitors has turned up mostly empty-handed.

To hunt for accreting white dwarfs, astronomers looked for X-rays of a particular energy, produced when gas hitting the star's surface undergoes nuclear fusion. A typical galaxy should contain hundreds of such "super-soft" X-ray sources. Instead we see only a handful. As a result, a recent paper suggested that the alternative, merger scenario was the source of Type Ia supernovae, at least in many galaxies.

That conclusion relies on the assumption that accreting white dwarfs will appear as super-soft X-ray sources when the incoming matter experiences nuclear fusion. Di Stefano and her colleagues have argued that the data do not support this hypothesis.

In a new paper, Di Stefano takes the work a step further. She points out that a merger-induced supernova would also be preceded by an epoch during which a white dwarf accretes matter that should undergo nuclear fusion. White dwarfs are produced when stars age, and different stars age at different rates. Any close double white-dwarf system will pass through a phase in which the first-formed white dwarf gains and burns matter from its slower-aging companion. If these white dwarfs produce X-rays, then we should find roughly a hundred times as many super-soft X-ray sources as we do.

Since both scenarios -- an accretion-driven explosion and a merger-driven explosion -- involve accretion and fusion at some point, the lack of super-soft X-ray sources would seem to rule out both types of progenitor. The alternative proposed by Di Stefano is that the white dwarfs are not luminous at X-ray wavelengths for long stretches of time. Perhaps material surrounding a white dwarf can absorb X-rays, or accreting white dwarfs might emit most of their energy at other wavelengths.

If this is the correct explanation, says Di Stefano, "we must devise new methods to search for the elusive progenitors of Type Ia supernovae."

Di Stefano's paper has been accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal and is available online.

Oracle octopus gets own World Cup for winning streak


Paul the oracle octopus was given a replica of the World Cup on Monday as a reward for his perfect eight-for-eight record in picking matches as bettors worldwide collected their winnings based on his selections. The two-year-old octopus with possible psychic powers turned into a worldwide celebrity for accurately predicting the winner of Germany's five World Cup wins as well as their two defeats. Paul also tipped Spain to beat Netherlands in Sunday's final. "We've had a lot of offers for Paul but he will definitely be staying with us and returning to his old job - making children smile," Sea Life spokeswoman Tanja Munzig in Oberhausen told Reuters after presenting Paul with the World Cup replica. "There's no rational reason why he always got it right." Bettors around the world made small fortunes based on Paul's uncanny picks, said Graham Sharpe, media relations director at William Hill in London, one of Britain's largest bookmakers. "I've seen a lot of things in my lifetime but this is the first time I've ever seen people making their picks based on what an octopus tells them," Sharpe said.

"We had people coming in saying they didn't know how to place a bet but heard about this German octopus and wanted to bet with him. It's ludicrous. But he kept getting it right," said Sharpe. "It's one of the finest tipping feats ever." Sharpe said that anyone who had placed a 10-pound accumulator bet on Paul's picks from the start of the World Cup would have won 3,000 pounds ($4,500) by the end of the tournament. Paul's home at Sea Life aquarium in Oberhausen has been inundated with visitors and media from across Europe. Many networks broadcast his picks live. Hundreds were on hand to watch the World Cup replica lowered into his tank on Monday. WINNING BETS "Paul now wants to say good-bye to the whole world," Daniel Fey, a supervisor at Sea Life, said.

"He really enjoyed all the media attention but now he's returning to his old job." Yet interest in the 50-cm long octopus remained intense, especially after his last two picks on Friday were once again accurate. Germany won Saturday's match for third place and Spain won Sunday's final - as Paul had called it on Friday. Last week Germans were shocked and distraught when he picked Spain to beat Germany in the semi-final after tipping German wins over Argentina, England, Ghana and Australia. And after Spain beat Germany, many wanted to publicly grill him. Sea Life installed extra security to protect their octopus. "We have to remember he's quite old now - 2-1/2 years is quite old for an octopus," Fey said. Probability experts were quoted in media reports saying the likelihood of getting eight consecutive picks right is 1/256. Sharpe said the odds of getting eight straight right was over 1/300.

Humbled professors were quoted saying Paul got lucky. The octopus, considered by some to be the most intelligent of all invertebrates, had a choice of picking food from two different transparent containers lowered into his tank - each with a national flag on it. The container Paul opened first was regarded as his pick. Sharpe at William Hill said he had at first been sceptical about the oracle octopus. But he became a believer. "I suspect that Paul's predictions could have made about a half a million pounds," Sharpe said, adding he estimated William Hill paid out 100,000 pounds on his picks at its 2,300 outlets. "We had people coming in asking who Paul had picked before they placed their bets," Sharpe said. "I'm sure there were a lot more people too who were too embarrassed to tell you they made their bet based on what the octopus said." He said it was the first time in 30 years of work that he had seen "such widely orchestrated use of a non-human tipster". Sharpe said he, unfortunately, did not follow Paul's advice. "It'd have been too embarrassing," he said. But Sharpe said he was going on holiday soon. "I'm going to the seaside and intend to eat as much octopus as I can cram down as revenge," he said.

Inflation to dampen by Dec - official


India's wholesale price inflation could come down to 5 percent to 6 percent by December, but price pressures in the economy may prompt the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to resort to tightening through unpredictable moves, a top government official said on Tuesday.

"By November, if market arrivals are significantly larger than last year, you should see a dampening of the rate of inflation," Chief Statistician T.C.A. Anant told Reuters in an interview.

He also said latest headline inflation numbers suggest that "slight dampening" was taking place.

June inflation data is due on Wednesday.

According to a Reuters' poll, headline inflation in June probably rose 10.8 percent from a year earlier, faster than a 10.16 percent rise in May.

Anant also said that monetary policy works best through an element of unpredictability and he would not be surprised if there is no rate hike in the scheduled July 27 monetary policy review.

Intel sets bright tone for earnings, tech rises


Resilient demand for PCs and servers helped Intel Corp's margin and revenue forecasts blast past Wall Street expectations, allaying fears of a technology spending slowdown and sending its shares surging nearly 8 percent. Intel set an upbeat tone for the industry's earnings season, boosting sector stocks from Microsoft to Cisco and Standard & Poor's 500 stock index futures, suggesting a strong open for Wall Street on Wednesday. The world's top chip maker expects a record gross margin of 67 percent for the third quarter, give or take a couple percentage points. It foresees revenue of $11.2 billion to $12 billion, surpassing analysts' target of $10.9 billion. [Intel earnings graphic: link.reuters.com/gyz37m] "Demand was stronger than many people anticipated. The Street was concerned corporate spending would be restrained with what's happened in Europe, and that wasn't the case," said John Massey, portfolio manager at SunAmerica Asset Management. "The real thing that got the Street going was the gross margin guidance, which they raised. It shows a lot of confidence that the company has for the back half of the year. If the company was at all concerned about demand, you wouldn't have expected them to raise that number."

Some investors worry that Europe's woes, coupled with the likelihood of decelerating growth in Asian markets such as China, will crimp IT spending just as companies begin to spend again after a two-year drought. But Chief Financial Officer Stacy Smith held out hope for sustained gains in spending to upgrade and replace aging hardware. Chief Executive Officer Paul Otellini added on a conference call with analysts that inventory remained "lean". Gleacher & Co analyst Doug Freedman said that new products in Intel's data center group, which makes chips for servers used by corporations, provided a big lift to Intel's top line. "I'd expect that the enterprise market continues to be strong into the third quarter," Smith told Reuters. Shares in Intel rose 8 percent to $22.62 in extended trading. Fellow bellwethers Microsoft and Cisco rose more than 2 percent after-hours. Intel's arch-foe, Advanced Micro Devices Inc, climbed 5 percent. And Texas Instruments climbed 2.3 percent.

"This is really the first quarter we've seen the corporate buyer come in and participate," said money manager Patrick Becker Jr, principal with Becker Capital Management Inc. "It lends some credence to the theory that maybe companies aren't hiring, but they are spending money on product enhancement through systems and software," said Becker, whose company manages $2.2 billion in assets and holds 1.5 million shares of Intel.

PILING BACK IN

Some analysts said the tech rebound was driven in part by over-selling, as investors reacted to second-half uncertainty. Shares of Intel, whose chips are used in the majority of the world's personal computers, have slid alongside those of other chipmakers in recent months, as investors fret about a potential build-up in inventories industrywide as well as concerns about the effect of the European debt crisis. Ahead of the earnings release, analysts had estimated Intel was trading at around 10-11 times 2010 earnings, below the historical average of the past few years. "It's reminding the market that basically stocks are too cheap. The market was trading Intel at a pretty compressed multiple," said Nick Kalivas, vice president of financial research at MF Global. "The fact that they are raising capital spending is confirming this idea that capacity is tight and there's some pretty good momentum," he added. "It's going to be a data point that causes people to flip from probably extreme pessimism to extreme optimism." Intel posted net income of $2.9 billion, or 51 cents a share, versus a net loss of $398 million, or 7 cents a share, in the second quarter of 2009, when Intel's results included a $1.4 billion fine by the European Commission.
Analysts had expected earnings of 43 cents per share in the second quarter. Revenue in the three months ended June 26 totaled $10.8 billion, up from $8 billion in the year-earlier period and above the $10.25 billion expected by analysts polled by Thomson Reuters I/B/E/S. And its gross profit margin in the second quarter was 67 percent, exceeding the 64 percent expected by analysts. "In a quarter where people expected relatively strong performance, they beat that pretty handily and set a good forecast," said Charter Equity Research analyst Edward Snyder. "They seem unaffected by the negativity that's impacting equities,

SBI to revive village adoption scheme

India's largest bank, the State Bank of India (SBI) is planning to revive its village adoption scheme under corporate social responsibility programme.

The decades-old scheme, now rechristened as "SBI Ka Apna Gaon", will seek active support of village panchayats in Uttarakhand and other States for its revival.


Its main purpose is to achieve 100 percent financial inclusion for all below poverty line (BPL) families. It would also seek to promote self-help groups (SHGs), farm clubs with the participation of NGOs and other development agencies.

The scheme would focus on credit requirements of all eligible rural households and link community services with SBI banking services.

The SBI has already started identifying villages in this regard and has organised a detailed survey wherein the bankÂ’s staff members would act as bridge between the villages and the bank.

In Uttarakhand, the SBI would work in tandem with the State government, which has also launched a similar Atal Adarsh Gram Yojna in all 670 nayay panchayats. One village in each nayay panchayat will be identified under the SBI scheme, with the thrust on development of rural social and infrastructure facilities to remove regional imbalances.

"In our various meetings with the government, we have been given the task to provide banking facilities in all these villages by the state government," said an SBI official.

Meanwhile, Chief Minister Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank has instructed top officials to work in close partnership with banks for strengthening facilities in villages.

Sunita Williams headed for the stars again


Indian American astronaut Sunita Williams, who holds the record of the longest spaceflight (195 days) for female space travellers, will head for the stars once again in June 2012.

Williams, 44, would take over as station commander at the International Space Station that was her home in the sky from Dec 9, 2006 to June 22, 2007.


She will be joined on the Soyuz 31 flight to the space station by flight engineers Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko and Japanese astronaut Akihiko Hoshide, the space agencies of the three nations announced Friday.

Daughter of Gujarat born neuroanatomist Deepak Pandya and Slovak mother Bonnie Pandya, Williams was born in Euclid, Ohio, but considers Needham, Massachusetts where her parents live as her hometown.

After launching aboard Discovery, Williams arranged to donate her pony tail to Locks of Love. Fellow astronaut Joan Higginbotham cut her hair aboard the International Space Station and the Discovery crew brought the ponytail back to earth.

Among the personal items Williams took with her on her last trip were a copy of the Bhagavad Gita, a small figurine of Ganesha and some samosas. The question is what would she carry this time around.

Tuesday, July 13, 2010

Now, 10.3% tax on cashless mediclaim

After the sudden move by government-owned insurance companies to restrict cashless mediclaim facility, patients now have to contend with another insurance squeeze -- a service tax of 10.3% on every claim made using the cashless facility. While the introduction of the preferred provider network (PPN) by the public sector insurance companies had the instant impact of bringing cashless transactions to a virtual standstill in the metros, the service tax move had gone practically unnoticed though both moves were introduced on July 1. "It shrinks the total cover available to a patient," said consumer activist and lawyer Jehangir Gai. Dr Ajay Thaker, CEO of Jupiter Hospital in Thane, said the tax was discriminatory. "Only patients who claim cashless facility will have to pay the service tax while the patients who go in for reimbursement won't have to pay extra," he said.

The service charge component won't be visible to consumers. It is a sum that will be paid by TPAs (Third Party Administrators are firms that liase with hospitals on behalf of an insurance company that appoints them) to hospitals after every cashless transaction. "We have been told by TPAs that they will pay the service tax component along with the patient's claim. We hospitals, on our part, will forward this sum to the union government," said Jaslok Hospital CEO Colonel M Masand, who heads the Association of Hospitals.
But consumers may not find it so simple. According to Gai, "Consider that a patient with a cover of Rs 1 lakh has been allowed a claim of the full sum. Now, the TPA has to pay 10.3% of the claim as a service tax. As it cannot pay the hospital about 110% of the original policy sum that the patient purchased, it would have no option but to pay 90% of the original claim plus 10% as service tax." Thus, in effect, the consumer's policy could shrink by 10.3% to accommodate the service tax charges, said Gai, adding that it could even lead to long-term increase in premiums. Said Dr Nayan Shah of Paramount Health Services (TPA) Pvt Ltd, "TPAs had asked the insurance companies to clarify whether this new service tax would be claimed from the claim sum or from the existing service tax that is paid on the policy bought by a customer. They categorically told us that the service tax has to come from the claim sum." Dr Shah, however, clarified that "if a patient seeks reimbursement from insurance companies, this tax will not be applicable".

A high-ranking official of United India Insurance Co. Ltd. maintained that the service tax should not be looked at as a burden as TPAs would be reimbursed for it. "Moreover, it is paid by every sector. No one complains about paying service tax on motor vehicles," said the Chennai-based official.

Australian PM may call election within days: media


Australia's ruling Labor party is set for a narrow victory in upcoming elections, two new opinion polls showed on Monday, as speculation grew that Prime Minister Julia Gillard could call an election as soon as this week. While the robust economy, in its 17th year of growth, should be a winning ticket for Gillard, voters believe the opposition is the better economic manager, according to the polls.

Gillard has also been seeking to reframe government policy in key areas such as climate and asylum seekers. Opinion polls published in Fairfax and News Ltd newspapers put Labor ahead of the conservative opposition at 52 percent versus 48 percent. "They're in front and they've got a primary vote that can deliver victory," John Stirton, research director with pollster Nielsen, told local radio.

Gillard, 48, is Australia's first woman prime minister. She replaced Kevin Rudd on June 24, in a move that has resurrected Labor's electoral standing and reshaped Australian politics. Speculation Gillard may be set to call an election grew after Governor-General Quentin Bryce delayed leaving for a trip to Europe by a day until Saturday, sparking talk that Gillard could ask the representative of Australia's head of state, Queen Elizabeth, to dissolve parliament as early as this week. Gillard declined to comment on the timing when questioned by reporters on a trip to Adelaide, but said in a speech "in the days to come I will be putting forward more detailed arguments about some of the biggest challenges facing our nation.

"I will be explaining the steps I think we need to take and asking for people's consideration of those steps. I will ask for the Australian people's trust to move Australia forward," she said. Political commentators said Gillard's words meant she may seek to call an election on Thursday or Friday this week. But commentators warned that Labor still risked losing an election expected in late August.

"The coming of Julia Gillard to the Labor Party leadership appears to have stopped the decay in her party's fortunes," said The Age newspaper's national editor Tony Wright. "She has stopped the Rudd rot, though she hasn't been able to make any serious inroads into Labor's loss of the disaffected to the Greens." Labor took power in 2007 promising to tackle climate change, but under Rudd failed to implement a carbon trading scheme, a disappointment that saw Green voters desert Rudd.

Labor needs to woo them back to ensure victory over the Liberal-National opposition. Gillard has acted quickly on key policies, ending a three-month row with mining companies over a new tax that was hurting the government in the polls, and proposing a regional asylum processing center, possibly in East Timor, to curb boatpeople arrivals. The tax deal has been generally accepted by voters, but her asylum policy has received criticism for being in its infancy. The cabinet will meet on Tuesday and was expected to discuss a new climate policy, but it is not clear whether Gillard will go as far as announcing a carbon tax as an interim measure before a full blown carbon trading scheme can be created. She has said a carbon price is inevitable, probably via a market-based scheme, but that any decision on such a scheme would not be until 2012 and not without community consensus. But voters want quick action on climate change, according to opinion polls and public comments in local media. Until now the political risk of announcing a carbon price ahead of an election has been the threat of rising power bills. But two new surveys suggest power bills will rise and energy investment will fall because of a lack of a carbon price.

The lack of an emissions trading scheme and price on carbon would cost the Australian economy and consumers an extra A$2 billion by 2020 due to investment in less energy efficient coal-fired power plants, The Climate Institute

ViewSonic releases 1MS response time HD monitor


ViewSonic has announced the launch of its latest HD monitor VX2739wm, touted to be the world's first 27 inch Full HD monitor with a 1ms response time. The VX2739wm comes with a three-year warranty and is priced at Rs. 24,999.

The monitor has a contrast ratio of 100,000:1 and supports 1080p full HD panel. It also comes with built-in speakers.

The VX2739wm provides video connectivity with HDMI, DVI and VGA. It can also be connected with a 4-port USB hub.

Gautam Ghosh, Country Manager, ViewSonic India, said, "We are leading the way in meeting digital lifestyle trends and customers needs by launching world's first 27 inch monitor with fastest ever response time of 1ms. We hope to bring an on-going innovation in the visual display market which will drive new digital trends in India."

The ViewSonic monitor is suited for entertainment and gaming and can be connected with any gaming console, cable or satellite box and DVD players. Also when teamed with an ECO mode feature it can save energy up to 35 percent.

India launches five satellites at one go


Five satellites, including the advanced high resolution cartography satellite Cartosat-2B, were placed in orbit today after India's space agency ISRO successfully launched its Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) rocket from here.

"I am extremely happy to say PSLV 16 was a successful flight. All the satellites were injected precisely," Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Chairman K. Radhakrishnan said.

ISRO's 230 tonne PSLV - standing 44 metres tall - soared towards the heavens from the spaceport here, about 80 km north of Chennai. The five satellites together weigh 819 kg.

Apart from its main cargo - the Cartosat-2B weighing 694 kg - the other satellites that the rocket put into orbit are the Algerian remote sensing satellite Alsat-2A (116 kg), two nano satellites (NLS 6.1 AISSAT-1 weighing 6.5 kg built by the University of Toronto, Canada and one kg NLS 6.2 TISAT built by University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland) and STUDSAT, a pico satellite weighing less than one kg, built jointly by students of seven engineering colleges in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.

Twenty minutes after blast off, the rocket first released the Cartosat-2B followed by Alsat-2A and the three small satellites.

This was the first successful launch after Radhakrishnan took over as ISRO chairman last year.

"Two more launches are planned in three months time. One will be PSLV and another will GSLV (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle)," he said.

Planning Commission Deputy Chairman Montek Singh Ahluwalia, who was present at the launch, congratulated the ISRO scientists on the "perfect launch" and said: "ISRO makes the country proud."

Immediately after the ejection of the satellites, the Spacecraft Control Centre at Bangalore with the help of ISTRAC (ISRO Telemetry Tracking and Command) Network of stations there and at Lucknow, Mauritius, Bearslake in Russia, Biak in Indonesia and Svalbard in Sweden monitored their health. ISRO officials had some anxious moments in the run up to the launch.

Originally scheduled for launch May 9, ISRO decided to postpone it as it found "a marginal drop in the pressure in the second stage of the vehicle during mandatory checks" due to a faulty valve. At that time, the rocket was almost ready except for the loading of the satellites.

The rocket had to be dismantled to replace the faulty valve. The problem persisted even after the valve replacement here and ISRO sent the second stage (engine and other systems) back to its assembly centre to be dealt with.

Built to last for five years, the Rs.200 crore Cartosat-2B is India's 17th remote sensing satellite. It will augment ISRO's remote sensing data services along with the Cartosat-2 and 2A launched earlier.

The satellite's imagery can be used for preparation of detailed forest type maps, tree volume estimation, village/cadastral level crop inventory, town/village settlement mapping and planning for development, rural connectivity, canal alignment, coastal land form, mining monitoring and others.

"With the launch of Cartosat-2B, ISRO will have 10 remote sensing satellites in orbit - IRS 1D, Resourcesat 1, TES, Cartosat 1, 2 and 2A, IMS 1, RISAT-2, Oceansat 1 and 2," S. Satish, ISRO director (publications and public relations), told IANS.

India is a world leader in the remote sensing data market and earns a sizeable amount.

"The other remote sensing satellites that are slated for launch are RISAT (late 2010 or early 2011), Resourcesat and Megha-Tropiques," Satish added.

Sunday, July 11, 2010

Apple iTunes now more secured by CCV code


After barring the fraudulent Vietnamese program developer from its iTunes application store, Apple has armed itself with new security measures in iTunes. Apple users have to now enter their three or four digit CCV code on their credit cards while buying or accessing iTunes from a new computer.

"Developer Thuat Nguyen and his apps were removed from the App Store for violating the developer Program License Agreement, including fraudulent purchase patterns," Apple said.


Apple advises its users to get in touch with their respective financial institutions and change the iTunes password, when their iTunes password is stolen and used on iTunes. App Store offers both free and paid applications for the iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad. Any further details about incident involving the App Store has not been provided.

Researchers Use Robot to Determine How Human Strangers Develop Trust


What can a wide-eyed, talking robot teach us about trust?
A lot, according to Northeastern psychology professor David DeSteno, and his colleagues, who are conducting innovative research to determine how humans decide to trust strangers -- and if those decisions are accurate.

The interdisciplinary research project, funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), is being conducted in collaboration with Cynthia Breazeal, director of the MIT Media Lab's Personal Robots Group, Robert Frank, an economist, and David Pizarro, a psychologist, both from Cornell.

The researchers are examining whether nonverbal cues and gestures could affect our trustworthiness judgments. "People tend to mimic each other's body language," said DeSteno, "which might help them develop intuitions about what other people are feeling -- intuitions about whether they'll treat them fairly."

This project tests their theories by having humans interact with the social robot, Nexi, in an attempt to judge her trustworthiness. Unbeknownst to participants, Nexi has been programmed to make gestures while speaking with selected participants -- gestures that the team hypothesizes could determine whether or not she's deemed trustworthy.

"Using a humanoid robot whose every expression and gesture we can control will allow us to better identify the exact cues and psychological processes that underlie humans' ability to accurately predict if a stranger is trustworthy," said DeSteno.

During the first part of the experiment, Nexi makes small talk with her human counterpart for 10 minutes, asking and answering questions about topics such as traveling, where they are from and what they like most about living in Boston.

"The goal was to simulate a normal conversation with accompanying movements to see what the mind would intuitively glean about the trustworthiness of another," said DeSteno.

The participants then play an economic game called "Give Some," which asks them to determine how much money Nexi might give them at the expense of her individual profit. Simultaneously, they decide how much, if any, they'll give to Nexi. The rules of the game allow for two distinct outcomes: higher individual profit for one and loss for the other, or relatively smaller and equal profits for both partners.

"Trust might not be determined by one isolated gesture, but rather a 'dance' that happens between the strangers, which leads them to trust or not trust the other," said DeSteno, who, with his colleagues, will continue testing their theories by seeing if Nexi can be taught to predict the trustworthiness of human partners.

Saturn Propellers Reflect Solar System Origins


Scientists using NASA's Cassini spacecraft at Saturn have stalked a new class of moons in the rings of Saturn that create distinctive propeller-shaped gaps in ring material. It marks the first time scientists have been able to track the orbits of individual objects in a debris disk. The research gives scientists an opportunity to time-travel back into the history of our solar system to reveal clues about disks around other stars in our universe that are too far away to observe directly.
"Observing the motions of these disk-embedded objects provides a rare opportunity to gauge how the planets grew from, and interacted with, the disk of material surrounding the early sun," said Carolyn Porco, Cassini imaging team lead based at the Space Science Institute in Boulder, Colo., and a co-author on the paper. "It allows us a glimpse into how the solar system ended up looking the way it does."

The results are published in a new study in the July 8, 2010, issue of the journal Astrophysical Journal Letters.

Cassini scientists first discovered double-armed propeller features in 2006 in an area now known as the "propeller belts" in the middle of Saturn's outermost dense ring, known as the A ring. The spaces were created by a new class of moonlets -- smaller than known moons, but larger than the particles in the rings -- that could clear the space immediately around them. Those moonlets, which were estimated to number in the millions, were not large enough to clear out their entire path around Saturn, as do the moons Pan and Daphnis.

The new paper, led by Matthew Tiscareno, a Cassini imaging team associate based at Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., reports on a new cohort of larger and rarer moons in another part of the A ring farther out from Saturn. With propellers as much as hundreds of times as large as those previously described, these new objects have been tracked for as long as four years.

The propeller features are up to several thousand kilometers (miles) long and several kilometers (miles) wide. The moons embedded in the ring appear to kick up ring material as high as 0.5 kilometers (1,600 feet) above and below the ring plane, which is well beyond the typical ring thickness of about 10 meters (30 feet). Cassini is too far away to see the moons amid the swirling ring material around them, but scientists estimate that they are about a kilometer (half a mile) in diameter because of the size of the propellers.

Tiscareno and colleagues estimate that there are dozens of these giant propellers, and 11 of them were imaged multiple times between 2005 to 2009. One of them, nicknamed Bleriot after the famous aviator Louis Bleriot, has been a veritable Forrest Gump, showing up in more than 100 separate Cassini images and one ultraviolet imaging spectrograph observation over this time.

"Scientists have never tracked disk-embedded objects anywhere in the universe before now," Tiscareno said. "All the moons and planets we knew about before orbit in empty space. In the propeller belts, we saw a swarm in one image and then had no idea later on if we were seeing the same individual objects. With this new discovery, we can now track disk-embedded moons individually over many years."

Over the four years, the giant propellers have shifted their orbits, but scientists are not yet sure what is causing the disturbances in their travels around Saturn. Their path may be upset by bumping into other smaller ring particles, or responding to their gravity, but the gravitational attraction of large moons outside the rings may also be a factor. Scientists will continue monitoring the moons to see if the disk itself is driving the changes, similar to the interactions that occur in young solar systems. If it is, Tiscareno said, this would be the first time such a measurement has been made directly.

"Propellers give us unexpected insight into the larger objects in the rings," said Linda Spilker, Cassini project scientist based at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. "Over the next seven years, Cassini will have the opportunity to watch the evolution of these objects and to figure out why their orbits are changing."

The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging operations center is based at the Space Science Institute in Boulder, Colo.

Lupin ranked fifth generic drug company in U.S.


Indian drug maker Lupin has become one of the top five generic drug companies operating in the U.S. market in terms of number of prescriptions. This is a first among Indian generic companies selling drugs in the US, the largest market in the world, writes P B Jayakumar of Business Standard.

Lupin is now behind Teva Pharma of Israel, Mylan Labs, Novartis and Watson Pharma. It had an average of a little over 8.4 million prescriptions a month in year between May 2009 and April 2010, said IMS, a global market research agency that tracks drug prescription sales in the US market.


In the previous year, Lupin had moved into the top 10 rankings at eighth position. Three Indian companies - Dr Reddy's Laboratories, Zydus Cadila and Aurobindo - are among the top 15 companies in the U.S. market, at 11, 12 and 13th positions, respectively. Glenmark (rank 18), Ranbaxy Laboratories (20), Sun Pharma (25) and Torrent (26) are the other Indian drug makers among the top 30 players in the U.S. generic business, said the data.

However, the journey further up the ladder will be tough for Lupin, as Watson Pharma, ranked fourth in the list, generates more than double the number of prescriptions for Lupin. Lupin's largest market, the U.S., had grown by about 38 percent in 2009-10 to Rs. 1,789 crore, of a total revenue of Rs. 4,740.5 crore. In March and April this year, Lupin had over a million prescriptions in the U.S. market.

"We are happy that we could achieve our target of breaking into the top five position a few years before we targeted to reach that milestone. We could achieve it in just five years, in a market dominated by players like Teva and Mylan which are there for the last two decades," Nilesh Gupta, executive director of Lupin, told Business Standard.

Lupin had filed a record 37 product registration filings and 19 bulk drug or raw material registration filings with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) during 2009-10.

Private banks get FDI cover for their Insurance firm

India's top two private sector lenders - ICICI Bank and HDFC Bank - have succeeded in their attempt to retain the Indian tag. Investment by these banks and others, where foreign shareholding exceeds 50 per cent, in their subsidiaries will be treated as foreign investment with insurance being the sole exception, writes Nayanima Basu of Business Standard.


Along with these two, there are five such lenders in India, including IndusInd Bank, ING Vysya and Yes Bank. These banks were classified as foreign banks when the norms were altered in February 2009. Since then, these lenders have been petitioning the department of industrial policy and promotion (DIPP), the finance ministry and the Reserve Bank of India for a review of the norms.

A DIPP official said "It has been clearly communicated to the banks that they are foreign-owned Indian banks as they are registered in India but their equity is owned by foreigners for purposes of downstream investment. They have the right to open branches, as they are registered here and they are not like foreign banks. But if they invest in any subsidiary, except in their insurance businesses, then that investment would be treated as FDI (foreign direct investment)."

The issue was initially raised by ICICI Bank and HDFC Bank, whose ownership had come under the scanner in the backdrop of new norms as foreign stakes in these two banks are 77 per cent and 64 per cent, respectively.

"This (the DIPP move) would impact the subsidiary businesses of the banks. They would now be more cautious in making any downstream investment, as the new rule would definitely act as a big deterrent. It might also lead to some restructuring of the groups in their shareholding patterns to comply with the norms," said Punit Shah, leader of financial services (taxation) at KPMG.

An exemption from including insurance subsidiaries would particularly help ICICI Bank-promoted ICICI Prudential Life and ICICI Lombard General Insurance, as foreign investors hold 26 per cent each in the two joint ventures. If ICICI Bank's holding is treated as foreign holding, there would be a breach of the sectoral foreign investment ceiling of 26 per cent for insurance.

The fate of HDFC Standard Life and HDFC Ergo are, however, unclear as the companies are promoted by HDFC, which operates like a holding company with HDFC Bank also as a subsidiary.

Jaipur Jantar Mantar, Matheran Railway to vie for World Heritage status


Jantar Mantar of Jaipur and Matheran Light Railway are in the race along with 30 other new sites for inscription on UNESCO's World Heritage List.

The World Heritage Committee will consider requests for inscription of the sites when it meets for its 34th session in Brazil's capital Brasilia from July 25 to August 3.

The 19.97-km-long Matheran Light Railway, which runs from Neral to Matheran in Maharashtra's Raigad district, offer a rich and scenic expanse of the mountain area and its associated eco-sensitive zone.

The Jantar Mantar is located within the boundaries of the City Palace Complex site in Jaipur and its total area is about 1.86 hectares.

During this year's session - to be chaired by Joao Luiz Ferreira, Brazil culture minister and president of the World Heritage Committee - 35 parties to the World Heritage Convention will present properties for inscription. Three of those countries - Marshall Islands, Kiribati and Tajikistan -have no properties inscribed on the Heritage List to date.

Thirty-two new properties were submitted for inscription on the Heritage List this year: six natural, 24 cultural and two mixed (i.e. both natural and cultural) properties, including four transnational nominations.

The committee will also review the state of conservation of the 31 World Heritage properties, including Manas Wildlife Sanctuary in Assam, inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger and may decide to add to that list new properties whose preservation requires special attention.

To date, the World Heritage List recognises 890 properties of "outstanding universal value", including 689 cultural, 176 natural and 25 mixed properties in 148 states parties.

Cultural properties from India inscribed on the Heritage List are Agra Fort (1983), Ajanta Caves (1983), Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi (1989), Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park (2004), Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus) (2004), Churches and Convents of Goa (1986), Elephanta Caves (1987), Ellora Caves (1983), Fatehpur Sikri (1986), Chola Temples (1987), Monuments at Hampi (1986), Monuments at Mahabalipuram (1984), Monuments at Pattadakal (1987), Humayun's Tomb at Delhi (1993), Khajuraho Monuments (1986), Mahabodhi Temple at Bodh Gaya (2002), Mountain Railways of India (1999), Qutb Minar (1993), Red Fort (2007), Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (2003), Sun Temple at Konark (1984) and Taj Mahal (1983).

The natural properties on the list are Kaziranga National Park (1985), Keoladeo National Park (1985), Manas Wildlife Sanctuary (1985), Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks (1988) and Sundarbans National Park (1987).

Historic Spain victory caps euphoric African World Cup


A historic first World Cup victory for Spain in Soccer City capped the first World Cup in Africa Sunday, with a brief appearance by Nelson Mandela sealing the end to an immensely successful tournament for the South African hosts.The all-European final between Spain and the Netherlands was a bad-tempered affair, with the two sides ratcheting up 14 yellow cards, of which Dutch defender John Heitinga received two, earning him a sending off.

Spanish fans erupted in joy after striker Andres Iniesta scored the only goal of the game in extra time to write Spain's name in World Cup annals. The usually noisy army of Oranje supporters watched in stony silence and then loudly booed English referee Howard Webb as he collected his medal. But the dour Dutch mood couldn't dispel the euphoria of nearly one billion Africans, who were puffed up with pride at the close of an immensely successful World Cup that has confounded Africa's critics.

'You'll never get another World Cup like this. I'm very proud to be South African,' said Garrett Whyte, a 25-year-old student from Johannesburg, who attended the final. 'We have to thank South Africa for really transforming Africa, It's done all of Africa proud,' said Samson Adamu, from Nigeria, who also attended the game. 'Now the know-how is there, who knows, maybe Nigeria could organize a World Cup in a few decades,' he mused.

South Africa's farewell to a World Cup that has united the country across racial lines like never before was all the more emotional by the appearance at the closing ceremony of anti-apartheid icon Mandela. The 89,000-capacity stadium erupted in cheers and vuvuzela blowing as the white-haired statesman was driven around the pitch with his wife Graca Machel in a golf cart.

Dressed in a black winter coat and wearing a black fur hat and black gloves, the 91-year-old former president smiled and waved, leaving some fans battling to choke back tears. Mandela, the symbol of South African democracy, was key in landing the first World Cup in Africa but was forced to miss the opening ceremony on June 11 following the tragic death of his great grand-daughter in a car crash. Mandela, who spent 27 years in prison for resisting apartheid before becoming the country's first black president in 1994, was key to South Africa securing the World Cup.

The closing ceremony was also watched by South African President Jacob Zuma, Queen Sofia of Spain, Prince Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands and several African heads of state. Dressed in a grass skirt and beaded halter top, Colombian popstar Shakira, who also also performed at the 2006 World Cup in Germany, headlined the event with her Cameroonian-inspired World Cup anthem Waka Waka. Grammy winning a cappella group Ladysmith Black Mambazo blessed the final with their song 'Rain, Rain, Beautiful Rain', a good omen in Africa.

As they sang, 13 make-believe elephants inhabited by people ambled across the pitch to drink at a video-projection of a watering hole. The ceremony also replayed key moments from the quarter-finals and semi-finals. After the final whistle, FIFA president Joseph Blatter presented the World Cup trophy to Spanish captain Iker Casillas with Zuma and Soccer City was lit up with fireworks. FIFA's boss was due to deliver his final assessment of the tournament on Monday but has also already declared his satisfaction. Zuma has already praised South Africans as the real stars of the tournament.